Europe´s relief:Social science Mind Map

 Dear students,

Let´s create a mindmap of Europe´s relief with the class notes:

First Part of Europe´s relief map with the important mountain ranges!

- What´s Europe hightest mountain range and its highest mountain and height?

- What´s Europe´s longest mountain range and distance? What does it form?

- Where is the Caucasus and what does it include?

- Where are the Apennines?

- What do the Pyrenees form?

If you have time, you can try to draw them in your notebook.

Click to watch "Europe´s relief" video !!

Activity of Nutrition _ Activity Book

 Dear students,

Please, let´s try to complete the activities 1 and 2 of the Activity book

Click to watch the "Digestive system" Video I

Click to watch "Digestive system" Video II

Introduction to Nutrition _ Digestive system Part I

 Dear students,

OUR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

We eat to get the nutrients that our bodies need to live and grow. Our digestive system takes these substances from the food we eat.

What is the process of the digestive system? 

1) Mouth: digestion starts in the mouth. The teeth crush the food and then mix it with saliva.

2) Esophagus: the food travels down the esophagus to the stomach.

3) Stomach: in the stomach, the food mixes with gastric juices.

4)  4)  Liver: the liver produces a liquid called bile that helps break down food.

     5) Small intestine: the food goes into the small intestine. Here it mixes with bile from the liver. Nutrients are absorbed here and they pass into the blood.

1.      6) Large intestine: the undigested food passes into the large intestine. Water is absorbed into the body leaving waste called faeces.

1.   7) Rectum: finally, the faeces pass through the rectum and leave the body through the anus.

Click to watch the "Digestive system" Video I

Click to watch "Digestive system" Video II

PLease, review the process of the digestive system. Why all the steps and organs are important in the process?

Trabajo de Valores sobre la película Eduardo Manos Tijeras

Trabajo sobre la película de “Eduardo Manos Tijeras”:

Después de ver la película de Eduardo Manos Tijeras, vamos a tratar de responder a las siguientes preguntas:

·       ¿Por qué piensas que la mujer acoge a Edward?

·       ¿Cómo crees que se siente Edward cuando entra en la casa?

·       ¿Cómo crees que se siente cuando quiere coger las cosas y las corta?

·       ¿En qué escena has detectado Bullying?

·       ¿De qué se aprovechan los ?

·       ¿Qué habilidades tiene Edward? ¿Quién las fomenta y le motiva a Edward para que corte el pelo?

·       ¿Cómo le llaman?

·       La madre le dice a su hija que él no tiene la culpa de ser así, ¿por qué?

·       ¿Cuándo se ríen de él? ¿Por qué?

·       ¿Por qué entró en la casa a robar?

·       ¿Por qué no percibe la verdadera intención de ellos?

·       ¿Por qué confía en ella?

·       ¿Por qué le defiende?

·       ¿Por qué le dice la chica que corra cuando viene la policía?

·       ¿Por qué la chica le da un beso?

·       ¿Por qué les dice a todos que ha muerto Edward?

·       ¿Cómo reacciona la gente ante la supuesta muerte de Edward?
·       ¿Cómo reacciona la gente contra Edward?

Haz un pequeño resumen sobre la película indicando la introducción, el desarrollo y la conclusión.

Comparatives and superlatives!!

Dear students!

Besides the previous sentence transformation activity, we are going to review how to use some comparatives and superlatives adjectives.

Please, review your notes as well, so that you can understand the activities.

CLick "Comparatives and superlatives" Act I

Click "Comparatives and superlatives Activity II"

IX Extra Points -->Check MILTON Assignments and Let´s transform the sentences in different tense forms!! (Present Simple, Past simple, Present Perfect, Present Continuos, Past Continuous and 2nd & 3rd conditional; should or must; might or could) )

 Dear students! Here you have some optional practice; although it is a great opportunity to review! It´s time to practice the creation of different sentences through sentence transformation:

Change this sentence below into the following verb tenses:

She learns a song sometimes so that she can sing it in a concert.

1.Present simple negative: On tuesdays,_____________                 

Present simple interrogative:_____________________________

2. Past simple affirmative: Yesterday, ____________________

Past simple negative: __________________________________

Past simple interrogative: ________________________________ 

3. Present Perfect affirmative: This week, ___________________

Present Perfect negative: ___________________________________

Present Perfect interrogative:________________________________ 

4. Present Continuous affirmative: Right now,_________________

Present Continuous negative: ________________________________

Present Continuous interrogative:_____________________________

5. Past Continuous affirmative: Last night,_____________

Past Continuous negative: __________________________________

Past Continuous interrogative:_______________________________

6. Future simple affirmative: Tomorrow,_____________________

Future simple negative: ____________________________________

Future simple interrogative: _________________________________

7. Past Perfect affirmative: Last Monday,_______________

Past Perfect negative: ____________________________________

Past Perfect interrogative: __________________________________

8. Create a setence with second conditional (you can invent it)

(If+ subject+ past simple; Subject + would + verb base form (infinitive) )

Affirmative:___________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________

8. Create a setence with third conditional 

(If+ subject+ past perfect; Subject + would + have + past participle(3rd column)

Affirmative:___________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________

9. Create a setence with should or must  

(If+ subject+ past perfect; Subject + would + have + past participle(3rd column)

Affirmative:___________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________

Interrogative: _____________________________________________

10. Create a setence with might or could  

(If+ subject+ past perfect; Subject + would + have + past participle(3rd column)

Affirmative:___________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________

Interrogative: _____________________________________________

How many irregular verbs don´t you know? 

Please, remember that you have to study them!!

2nd Review of interacion

Dear students:

Here you can find some questions that you can use to review. 

Please, click on the link.

Click on "Review of Interaction"

You can review the questions with your notes or previous postings in the blog.

Review of the Interaction Unit

 Let´s try to review and answer the following questions related to Interacion:

- Label the parts of the brain and desbribe them

- Parts of the five senses that transmit the information

- Can you explain how we hear? 

- The eye -> name the part of the eye that coloured the eye?

* What are the parts of the eye that are transparent?

* Is it important to blink? Why?  What is the difference between eyelids and eyelashes?

- What are the parts of the nose, mouth and the skin? 

- What is the difference between the cardiac muscles, smooth muscles and skeletal muscles?

- What is the function of the joints, tendons and ligaments? 

Match the words with the definitions related to Interaction!!

Please, try to match the following words with the corresponding definitions:

* cardiac muscles // *joints // *ligaments // *motor nerves //*sensory nerves//*skeletal muscle //*smooth muscle // * tendons //* spinal cord //* bone marrow //* involuntary movements

- soft fatty substance in the cavities of the bones, in which blood cells are produced. (b.m.)

- pieces of flexible tissue that attach the end of a skeletal muscle to a bone (t)

- long tube made up of nerves and tissue, located in the spinal column. It connects the motor and sensory nerves to the brainstem. (S. c.)

- all involuntary muscles, except those found in the heart. (s. m.)

- muscle attached to bone. (s. m.)

- nerves that carry messages from the brain to the muscles. (m. n.)

- tough fibres of flexible tissue that join two bones together. They are found in the joints. (l.)

- part of the body where two bones meet. (j.)

- involuntary muscle found in the heart. (c. m.)

- movements that are made unconsciously. For example, breathing or the heart beating. (i. m.)

- nerves that carry messages from sense receptors, such as those found in our sense organs, to the brain (s. n.).

Activity. Could you describe the steps of how we smell?

Locomotor system: skeletal and muscular system, videos and mindmaps

 Dear students,

Please, review the following notes of the locomotor system.

The locomotor system is made up of two systems: the skeletal system and the muscular system. It works in combination with our senses and our nervous system to help us interact with the world around us.

The skeletal system

The skeletal system gives us support and stability as we move around and protects our vital organs. It´s made of bones, joints and ligaments.

We have 206 bones of different shapes and sizes in our body. Each bone is suited to its function. The largest bone is the femur which is long and extremely strong. The smallest bone is inside the ear and is only 3mm long. The rib cage has space inside it for some of our vital organs, such as the lungs and the heart.

Bones are hard and solid on the outside and sponge-like in the inside. The centre of our bones is called bone marrow. This is where the blood cells are produced.

Joints are where two bones meet. Bones are joined together at the joints ligaments. Ligaments are made of tough fibrous tissue.

Click to watch "Skeletal system" video

The muscular system

The muscular system allows us to move and perform voluntary actions such as waving our hand, and involuntary actions such as breathing. It´s made up of muscles and tendons.

Muscle tissue is soft and flexible. There are three types:

·   * Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles. We choose to contract them to move around.

·   * Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles. They can contract without us thinking about it. For example, there are smooth muscles in the small intestine that push food through the intestine.

·   * Cardiac muscles are also involuntary muscles. They are found only in the heart They contract automatically so that the heart can pump blood around the body.

Tendons attach muscles to bones. When we want to move, muscles contract and tendons pull on bones. For example, to lift your forearm up, the biceps pulls up the tendon, and the tendon pulls on the bones in the forearm, lifting it up.

Click to watch "Muscular system" video

Let´s try to create a mindmad for next week:

- What are the two main parts of the locomotor system?

- Do they work in combination with any other things?

- How many bones do we have in our body?

- How are the bones in the outside? And inside?

- What is the bone marrow (médula espinal)?

Muscular system

- What is the muscular system?

- How is the muscle tissue? Could you mention one example?

- What are skeletal muscles? Might you mention one example?

- What are smooth muscles? Would you mention one example?

- What are cardiac muscles? One example is ......

- What are the tendons?

Social Science review:

 Please, review the following items:

- What´s a democracy?

- What does the constitution guarantee?

-  When do we have elections? Every 2, 4 or 6 years? What are some characteristics of elections?

- What is the difference between right and responsibility?

- The separation of powers

- Types of public services

- Budget and taxes

Review Activity and the Smell & taste senses (Please read and review)

Activity 1. Answer the questions below: 

1. What part of the eye can be blue, brown or green? 

I. __________________________________________________ 

2. Which part of the eye protects it? 

I. __________________________________________________ 

3. Which part of the is transparent? 

I. __________________________________________________ 

4. Which part of the sends information to the brain? 

I. __________________________________________________ 

Our Senses: Taste and Smell

We can detect flavour with our tongue. We can detect smell with our nose. The mouth and the nose are connected.

How we smell

Smell are made of gases in the air. When air goes into your nose, the gases go into your nasal passages. The olfactory cells detect the gases and send nerve impulses to the olfactory nerve. The olfactory nerve transmits the impulses to the brain and the brain interprets the information.  

Click to watch "Smell sense" video I

How we taste 

The tiny, pink bumps on your tongue are called taste buds. They can detect special chemicals in the things that you eat and drink. The chemicals mix with saliva and then the taste buds detect them. The taste buds produce nerve impulses and transmit them to the gustatory nerves. These nerves are inside the tongue, connected to the taste buds. These nerves then transmit the impulses to the brain. Finally, the brain interprets the information.

Click to watch "taste sense" video

How taste and smell are connected 

Have you ever noticed that food doesn´t taste good when you have a cold? This is because your senses of smell and taste work together. Your taste buds detect different tastes, such as sweet, salty, sour and bitter tastes. While your nose detects thousands of different smells. These messages combine in the brain to give a perception of flavor. 

Let´s think about the following questions:

- How do we detect smell and taste?

- Can you mention three important parts of the smell sense?

- How is the smell sent to the brain?

- What do the taste buds do?

- Are the taste and smell senses connected? Where do they mix the information?

Smell Sense video II

Public services, taxes and budget - Let´s review and create a Mindmap

Dear students,

Let´s investigate a little bit more about the public services in Spain

What are the public services? Who provide them? How do we pay for them?

Public services are those which are provided by the government. The citizens pay taxes in order to pay these public services, so then, they don’t need to pay extra money for it: health care, education, security guards, waste patrols, gardening services...

The constitution guarantees everyone’s right to public services. It also establishes everyone’s duty to pay tax to finance public services.

I.) LOCAL COUNCILS are generally responsible for services such as street lighting, waste collection and treatment, libraries, parks and sports facilities.

II.) The national government provides public services such as social security, tax collection, the military, civil guard and national police.

III.) Autonomous communities have different levels of responsibility for public services: education, health and public transport. Some of autonomous communities, even have their own police force: “Ertzaintza” in País Vasco or the “Mossos d’Esquadra” in Cataluña

Taxes:

Public services are paid for with taxes. Taxes are deducted from workers´salaries and the profits that companies make. We also pay tax when we buy products or use a service. This is called value-added tax (VAT).

A budget is a plan for how to spend money. The national´s goverment´s budget is about 470.000 million per year. A lot of this money is used to pay the pensions of retired people and to support people who are unemployed. 

Let's create a mindmap with some previous questions!

- What are public services?- What do citizens do to contribute or pay for the public services?

- what does the constitution guarantee?

- what are the local council government responsible for?

- what public services does the national government provide?

- what level of services do the Autonomous Communities have?

- Why do we need taxes?

- what is a budget?

- can you mention an example of how the national budget is used?

Upcoming activities and exams (Science & English)

 Dear students,

Let me remind you the upcoming activities:

Exam of Social Science: 10th of March (Spain political system)

Exam of Natural Science: 16th of March (Interaction)

Please, complete the activities of the blog (& activity book) related to Natural, Social and English.

The presentations of social science will be the week of the 13th of March.

VIII Extra Points -->Check MILTON Assignment to do in your notebook and Let´s transform the sentences in different tense forms!! (Present Simple, Past simple, Present Perfect, Present Continuos, Past Continuous and 2nd & 3rd conditional; should or must; might or could) )

 Dear students! Here you have some optional practice. Although, it is a great opportunity! It´s time to practice the creation of different sentences through sentence transformation:

Change this sentence below into the following verb tenses:

She pays the bills when they tell her.

1.Present simple negative: On tuesdays,_____________                 

Present simple interrogative:_____________________________

2. Past simple affirmative: Yesterday, ____________________

Past simple negative: __________________________________

Past simple interrogative: ________________________________ 

3. Present Perfect affirmative: This week, ___________________

Present Perfect negative: ___________________________________

Present Perfect interrogative:________________________________ 

4. Present Continuous affirmative: Right now,_________________

Present Continuous negative: ________________________________

Present Continuous interrogative:_____________________________

5. Past Continuous affirmative: Last night,_____________

Past Continuous negative: __________________________________

Past Continuous interrogative:_______________________________

6. Future simple affirmative: Tomorrow,_____________________

Future simple negative: ____________________________________

Future simple interrogative: _________________________________

7. Past Perfect affirmative: Last Monday,_______________

Past Perfect negative: ____________________________________

Past Perfect interrogative: __________________________________

8. Create a setence with second conditional (you can invent it)

(If+ subject+ past simple; Subject + would + verb base form (infinitive) )

Affirmative:___________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________

8. Create a setence with third conditional 

(If+ subject+ past perfect; Subject + would + have + past participle(3rd column)

Affirmative:___________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________

9. Create a setence with should or must  

(If+ subject+ past perfect; Subject + would + have + past participle(3rd column)

Affirmative:___________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________

Interrogative: _____________________________________________

10. Create a setence with might or could  

(If+ subject+ past perfect; Subject + would + have + past participle(3rd column)

Affirmative:___________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________

Interrogative: _____________________________________________

How many irregular verbs don´t you know? 

Please, remember that you have to study them!!

Separation of Powers

 Dear students,

Let´s try to complete the following activity with your notes:

How does the legislative power work?

Complete the sentences:

a) The different powers established by the Constitution of 1978 are ______________

b) Democracy means ____________________________________________

c) Spain is a parliamentary monarchy, which means ___________________

d) Spain has four co-official languages, which are _______________________

e) The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights establishes _______________

f) The Statute of Autonomy defines ___________________________________

Spain is a democracy. What is a democracy? It´s a form of goverment, which the people can vote and choose what kind of political party or representative, they want to run its country, city or town.

The process of choosing a political party representation is called elections.

In the constitution (1978) we have rights and responsibilities. The rights are the things that we should have or should be able to access. The responsabilities are the things we must do. 

SENSES Review

 Dear students,

Let´s try to do a quick review:

- What are the main parts of the nervous system?

        - Could you explain the function of each part?

        - How do we receive the information around us with the nervous system?

- What are the different parts/layers of the skin in the touching sense?

- What are the parts of the hearing sense?

        - Might you explain the process of hearing?

- What are the important parts of the eye?

        - May you explain the function of each part?

Let´s try to answer the following answers with True or False and explain your answer:

- The brain stem controls involuntary movements, for example, breathing.

- The gap between two neurons is called a cell body.

- The auditory nerve sends information from the eye to the brain.

- It´s important to eat healthy food and drink lots of water.

Past Simple versus Present perfect !! Please review it!

 Dear students!!

Is the same the past simple and the present perfect?

We use Past simple to talk about finished actions.

Affirmative: Subject + past simple (verb+ed or 2nd column) + complement

Negative: Subject + didn´t + Verb base form + complement

Interrogative: Did + subject + verb base form + complement?

I ate a salad today, but I didn´t drink orange juice.

I didn´t eat a salad.

Did you eat a salad yesterday?

We use Present Perfect to talk about actions in the past that are still relevant or unfinished.

Affirmative: Subject + has/have + past participle + complement

Negative: Subject + hasn´t /haven´t + past participle + complement

Interrogative: Has/have + subject + past participle + complement?

This week he has called to his granparents, but they haven´t come to his house.

They have studied a lot this month.

We have visited the city this week. (we are in the middle of the week, so it is still true).

She has eaten very healthy this year, but she has to continue like that.

If you can, please, review some of the present perfect and past simple videos:

Past simple Tense - Structuring sentences

Simple past explanation

Present perfect!

Test your English! Past simple versus present perfect

Present perfect versus past simple

Separation of Powers in Spain´s Political System

Dear students,

Is separation of powers important for a country or not? Why do you think so?

What kind of powers do we have in our democracy or political system?

SEPARATION OF POWERS

The constitution establishes that a government has to be divided into three different parts or branches: the executive, legislative and judicial. This is to make sure that the power is not concentrated in just one person or an organism can decide about a law. This way, laws are decided by more professionals and can be more objective and equally.

I. THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

 Is the part of the government that makes the laws. It is done in the PARLIAMENT (parlamento).

It has two processes:

1.- First, a new law proposal is introduced in the Congress (Congreso de los Diputados). Here, it is debated (pros and cons). All laws proposed have to follow the constitution. When Congress agrees with the law, then, it goes to the SENATE to think about it. 

2.- The SENATE (El senado) approves or rejects  laws passed by Congress. The Senate is made up of 260 senators who represent Spain’s autonomous communities, provinces and cities.

II. THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

The justice is exercised by the judiciary. This is made up of judges and magistrates who work in courts and tribunals. In this case, they decide when a law has been broken and it is imposed a punishment.

III. THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

It’s the part of the government that puts in practice the laws and gives services to the citizens. The government implements the law for civil, military and domestic administration.

 The government consists of the PRIME MINISTER (head of government) and the MINISTERS (responsible for specific areas: economy, education, health).

SUMMARY:

Spain is a democracy. The government is elected by the people. Spain’s democracy is based on the 1978 Constitution. People in Spain can vote when they are 18. In a democracy, everybody has rights, such as the freedom to express opinions and to be treated equally. 

Living in a democracy also brings important responsibilities. Everybody must obey the laws and pay taxes to support public services such as health and education.

SUMMARY:

Spain is a democracy. The government is elected by the people. Spain’s democracy is based on the 1978 Constitution. People in Spain can vote when they are 18. In a democracy, everybody has rights, such as the freedom to express opinions and to be treated equally.

Living in a democracy also brings important responsibilities. Everybody must obey the laws and pay taxes to support public services such as health and education.